![]() ![]() ĭiving planes located on the sail ( conning tower) are called fairwater planes on US Navy submarines. The depth control planes were mounted on the beam, so that they acted vertically, without the lever arm to introduce the usual pitch. Stern planes and rudder were mounted below the stern akin to a conventional ship. Simon Lake of the Lake Torpedo Boat Company was the first to develop planes that could control depth without introducing a pitching moment. Stern planes of HMS Ocelot mounted directly in the prop wake, with fixed planes above.įairwater planes HSwMS Gotland from above, showing fairwater planes mounted on the sail Later Soviet submarines have tended to fold backwards, into recesses in the casing. US submarines referred to this stowage as 'rigging' the planes, and 'tilting' for their control movement. Earlier submarines (to World War II) used vertical folding planes perpendicular to their surface. įor easier berthing close alongside a jetty, submarines have used folding bow planes that retracted alongside the hull. If not carefully controlled, this could lead to a 'porpoising' motion whereby the planesman continually hunts for a stable combination of depth and pitch. The position of the planes controls the pitch of the boat and, with the forward motion of the boat, this controls depth. Ballast tanks within the submarine adjust buoyancy to be neutral, making the boat controllable. As the planes are a long distance fore-and-aft from the hull's centre of buoyancy, they introduce a pitching moment. The stern planes function in much the same way as an aircraft's elevator. Bow and stern planes US Balao-class USS Bowfin of World War II, showing bow planes rigged upwards for stowageĭiving planes are usually fitted in two pairs, the bow planes at the front of the submarine and the stern planes at the rear. The port bow plane of the Soviet-era submarine B-39ĭiving planes, also known as hydroplanes, are control surfaces found on a submarine which allow the vessel to pitch its bow and stern up or down to assist in the process of submerging or surfacing the boat, as well as controlling depth when submerged. JSTOR ( December 2012) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification. ![]()
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